paper presentations | integrity-based
Local Government Image in the Virtual World: A Case Study on Jakarta Provincial Government Official YouTube Videos
Authors: Arif Budy Pratama
Presenter: Arif Budy Pratama, University of Tidar
Indonesia
Abstract:
The Jakarta Provincial Government utilizes the YouTube channel to interact with citizens and enhance transparency in the practice of governance. How citizens engage with their government via social media is now gaining more attention from both academics and practitioners. The purpose of this study is to explore online perceptions of local government image perceived by online audiences through the YouTube platform. Based on the exploration, I propose a typology model on local government image generated from online perceptions. The concepts of organizational reputation and image (Carpenter, 2010b) and credibility in political image (Mccroskey & Teven, 1999) are adapted to analyze online public perceptions on the Jakarta Provincial Government image.
Using the video summarization approach (Li et al., 2006) on 346 official YouTube videos, which were uploaded from 1 March 2016 to 31 May 2016, and content analysis aided by NVivo 11 of 8237 comments, this study shows that the Jakarta Provincial Government image is combined of both political and bureaucratic images which emerge concurrently. The typology model of local government is proposed to describe and explain the four image variations that occurred in the case study. The study also includes high numbers of irrelevant comment posted by YouTube viewers which indicated ‘pseudo-engagement’ on government-citizen interaction through social media. Practical recommendations are suggested to manage YouTube channel as one of social media communication used in local government context.
Keywords: Local Government Social Media, YouTube, Political Image, Bureaucratic Image
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Contingency Management and Social Networking: Innovations for Enhancing Community Resilience
Authors: Kazuyuki Sasaki
Presenter: Kazuyuki Sasaki, Meiji University
Japan
Abstract:
The paper introduces innovative public programs for re-improving social network at community level by Japan’s central and local governments. It will also analyze the impacts of such programs to Japanese society, especially focusing on the issues of contingency management.
Japan is a disaster prone country and has been challenged by many natural and man-made disasters in its history. Recently, in April 2016, Kumamoto prefecture, a part of Kyushu Island which located under the mainland of Japan, was hit by continuous earthquakes. Number of casualty and missing person reached 50 and about 1,700 people were injured. At the initial phase of the disaster, more than 100,000 people evacuated to the shelters.
Beside frequent natural disasters, Japan is facing rapid social and demographic changes. In 2008, Japan reached its peak of population and moved to a stage of depopulation. Rural exodus among young generation and aging population combined with the diminishing number of children are rapidly progressing. Also, anonymity in urban area have been increasing. Conventional regional ties among residence has been weakening and community management policies by governments are outdated.
Community resilience is a key for reducing the negative impacts of contingencies. Japanese central and local governments have been making effort to improve it by introducing various measures.
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Mayors’ Attributes and the Type of Political Leadership: Empirical Study on the Local Governance in the Philippines
Authors: Kenichi Nishimura & Jun Kobayashi
Presenter: Kenichi Nishimura, Osaka University
Japan
Abstract:
Since late 1970s we have been observing emergence and evolution of new type of political leadership such as “New Public Management” (hereafter NPM) in local governance around the world (Çetin 2015; Rosyadi & Dharma 2014; Harun et.al. 2013; Pilcher 2011; Tippett & Kluvers 2010; Tanaka 2010; Goddard 2005; Helden & Jansen 2003). Philippine is one of the spearheads of this trend in Asian region with examples of NPM local governance such as participatory governance in Naga City, environmental management in Marikina City, effective tax collection in Quezon City, effective maintenance of peace and order mechanism in Cebu City and Davao City, and others.
These cases show the importance of mayor as a key person for introduction of new management style. Therefore this paper provides an overview on the extent of diffusion of new political leadership in the Philippines through examining the relations between attributes of mayors such as their family background, previous occupation, educational background and their political behavior as well as their orientation of governance utilizing the results of an elite survey “2011 Local Government Survey in the Philippines” (The principal investigator was Fumio Nagai, Osaka City University).
We will analyze if there are significant relations between the attribution of mayors and their view on the competence of the bureaucracy, the relationship with constituents and different political stratum, and their idea on governance. We use analysis of variance (ANOVA) to see the difference of relations.
Powerpoint Link: PPT unavailable
Officials’ Conduct and People’s Trust
Authors: Akio Kamiko
Presenter: Akio Kamiko, Ritsumeikan University
Japan
Abstract:
High ethical standard of government officials is vital for good governance. Without it, people would not trust government officials and, consequently, the government.
There can be many reasons why ethical standard is as it is now in Japan. It seems possible that the trust accorded to government officials and their status in the society may affect the ethical standard of government officials. So I would like to examine the correlation between the ethical standard and people’s trust. However, it is very difficult to measure the degree of trust people have toward government officials.
In this paper, I would look into the statistics of reprimands given to both the central government’s and local governments’ officials in Japan over the span of several decades. First, I would like to have a look at variation in the statistics of reprimands over time looking into the detailed statistics sorted by the categories of misconduct. Then I would like to contemplate on possible explanations on those increases and decreases, referring to the situation Japan and its government were in during that time. Hopefully, some clues as to the relationship between people’s trust and ethical standard come out.
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Shielding Public Agencies from Political Influence: Does Structural Insulation Matter?
Authors: Jung Wook Lee & Jin Soo Choi
Presenter: Jung Wook Lee, Yonsei University
Korea
Abstract:
This study tests the moderating effect of ‘structural insulation,’ an agency design strategy for shielding a public agency from external political influences. Since ‘politics-administration dichotomy’ was put forward as a core theory for administrative reform, various schemes have been proposed for safeguarding administrative agencies from political influence, thereby enhancing their neutral competence. Structural insulation—structuring agencies with insulating features such as location outside the cabinet departments, fixed-term for agency head(s) and governance by multi-member board —is one of such ideas. A review of the literature, however, reveals a paucity of systematic evidence of whether and how structural insulation matters. Few studies tested the efficacy of each insulating feature, using data from a representative sample. Yet another problem is that studies on structural insulation are based largely on discussions of how politics affects the policies of public agencies, to the virtual exclusion of discussions of how politics affects their organizational characteristics. Using data collected from 115 U.S. federal agencies, this study attempted to address these voids in the current literature. It examined whether the impact of ‘political salience’ of a public agency—salience to the president and Congress—on its ‘priority goal ambiguity’ is moderated by insulating features, extending Lee et al.’s (2009) study, which reported a positive relationship between the two. Regression results provide partial support for the moderating effect of structural insulation: three out of the four insulating features were found to mitigate the impact of congressional salience on priority ambiguity, while no such effect was detected when it comes to presidential salience. This study discusses the implications of these results and puts forward suggestions for future research.
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Problems Encountered and the Quality of the Delivery of National Tuberculosis Program and their Influence to the Satisfaction of the Beneficiaries in General Santos City
Authors: Ryan Garcia Sabales
Presenter: Ryan Garcia Sabales, Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Colleges
Philippines
Abstract:
This study was conducted to find out the problems encountered and the quality of the delivery of National Tuberculosis Program and their influence to the satisfaction of the beneficiaries in General Santos City.
Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions: a) What are the problems encountered by the implementers / health providers on the delivery of National Tuberculosis program in terms of financial, personnel and facilities conditions?; b) What are the problems encountered by the beneficiaries on the delivery of National Tuberculosis program in terms of personnel and facilities conditions?; c) What is the quality of basic health services under National Tuberculosis Program as perceived by the implementers?; d) What is the level of satisfaction of the beneficiaries on the quality of the delivery of the National Tuberculosis program?; e) Is the level of satisfaction of the beneficiaries significantly influenced by the problems encountered on the delivery of the National Tuberculosis program in terms of financial, personnel and facilities conditions?; f) Is the level of satisfaction of the beneficiaries significantly influenced by the quality of basic health services of the national tuberculosis program?
A total of 223 respondents were involved in this study 46 of whom were a population of the implementers / health providers and 177 sample respondents were the beneficiaries of the TB programs that came from the 17 barangays of General Santos City.
The salient findings of this study is that the implementers and health providers moderately agree that the problems they encountered in the delivery of national tuberculosis program in terms of financial condition are the following: a) the release of budget is based on the approved plan; b) the allocation of budget is based on the prioritization of the City Mayor’s office; c) the release of budget is always delayed; d) the budget does not equal to the whole year operation; e) the allocation of budget is based on projects; f) there are irregularities and inconsistencies in drugs procurement; g) there is no constant monitoring and evaluation; h) the General Santos City Health Office has no sufficient funds; i) there is no transparency; j) there are no supports like fiscal and administrative services; k) the annual budget is based on the income generation of the city; l) inconsistencies on the approval of budget; m) no strict compliance; n) nepotism and o) the budget must not exceed to more than 10% of the previous year budget.
In terms of personnel condition, the implementers and health providers moderately agree that they encountered the following problems: a) lack of Medical Doctors; b) lack of attending Medical Technologists; c) lack of permanent staffs at the center; d) lack of attending Nurses; e) lack of barangay health workers; f) resistance to change; g) multi-functional; h) lack of competent or trained personnel; i) giving medicines are limited; j) health providers are outdated; k) gossiping and chatting; l) lack of coordination; m) hot-tempered.
In terms of facilities condition, the implementers and health providers encountered the following problems: a) not enough Microscope; and b) not enough Medical Technologists / Microscopist designate. The beneficiaries on the other hand, moderately agree that they encountered the following problems in the delivery of the national tuberculosis programs in terms of the personnel condition: a) resistant to change; b) lack of barangay health workers; c) lack of Medical Technologists; d) lack of attending Nurses; e) lack of competent or trained personnel; f) lack of permanent staff; g) gossiping and chatting are highly observed; and h) lack of Medical Doctors.
In terms of facilities condition, the beneficiaries encountered the following problems on the quality and delivery of national tuberculosis program: a) not enough Medical Technologists / Microscopist designate; and b) not enough Microscope. The implementers and health providers of the national tuberculosis program in General Santos City have perceived that there is a good quality of the delivery of basic health services, and the beneficiaries are satisfied on the quality of the delivery of basic health services. The level of satisfaction of the beneficiaries is not significantly influenced by the problems encountered on financial, personnel, and facilities conditions, and the level of satisfaction of the beneficiaries has no significant relationship on the quality of the delivery of the health services under the national tuberculosis program.
Based on the findings of this study, the following conclusions are drawn: a) the financial condition of the city health office is not sufficient to employ more health professionals, b) the problems encountered by the beneficiaries in terms of the personnel and facilities conditions of the city health are considered as minor problems by the TB implementers, c) there is a timely, responsive, and efficient manner in the quality of the delivery of basic health services program under the national tuberculosis program being delivered by the TB implementers / health providers to the beneficiaries in General Santos City, d) the beneficiaries of national tuberculosis program in General Santos City received good services of the basic health services delivered by the TB implementers and health providers, e) the problems encountered by the beneficiaries in the delivery of national tuberculosis program in terms of financial, personnel and facilities conditions have no significant relationship on the level of satisfaction of the beneficiaries, and f) the level of satisfaction of the beneficiaries are not significantly influence by the quality of the delivery of the national tuberculosis program in General Santos City.
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Upholding Integrity in Employee Discipline as a Tool for Accountability through Administrative Justice
Authors: Michael Bucag Roa
Presenter: Michael Bucag Roa, Civil Service Commission Regional Office No. 10
Philippines
Abstract:
This study is grounded on upholding integrity in employee discipline as a tool for accountability through administrative justice (AJ). It determined the relationship between the socio-demographic characteristics, the work-related factors and the level of competence in terms of knowledge, skills and attitude as components of competence of the respondent Human Resources Management Officer’s on disciplinary aspect of AJ, the practices of the local government units on administrative justice and the level of perception of the HRMO’s on empowerment on their role in AJ in Local Government Units. The result revealed that the higher the competence level of the respondent HRMO’s have, the higher their adherence with the ideal principles to be practiced in terms of disciplinary aspect on administrative justice. Result further showed that humanitarian and political interference may have an influence in administrative justice. Thus, it is recommended that on the issue on political influence or interference, the LGU must have a pool of trained investigation committee members created prior to the receipt of complaint to avoid the impression that the committee that may be created is tailored to favor any party in the administrative proceedings. Issues on Impartiality and potential violation of due process may be visited.
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Decentralization, Decmocratization and Development: A Rapid Field Appraisal
Authors: April Dream Gadong Rico
Presenter: April Dream Gadong Rico, West Visayas State University
Philippines
Abstract:
With the upcoming celebration of the 25th year anniversary of the Local Government Code regional field appraisals were conducted. The focus of the field appraisal is to determine the trends and patterns of local developments, the state of democratization and decentralizationand the capacity of HEIs in delivering public services in the local governments of the respective regions.
In Western Visayas – Region 6, the common trends in local governance are the shift of localgovernments to e- governance in delivering the services to the constituents, the Public – Private Partnership, upgrading of health care service delivery and the strengthening of the local Disaster Risk Reduction Councils.
In region six (6), local governments are gradually embracing the advantages of technology. Governmentwebsites and portals provides clients with information about the government services, activitiesand even procurement and expenditures. E- governance becomes a tool of government inpracticing transparency, effective and efficient delivery of government services.
The state of democratization in Western Visayas shows that there are still cases of violations on human rights. Violence on women and children have high rates in the region. As far as legislation is concerned, the local governments are trying to address through enacting ordinances and formulating programs that would increase the awareness of the people towards the violation of human rights. Non- government organizations are partnering with the local governments in promoting the advocacy against violence on women and children.
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Human Resources Management Affecting Organizational Performance of Teacher Education COEs and CODs in Region I: Basis for HRD Plan
Authors: Remedios Castillo Neroza & Fe M. Tangalin
Presenter: Remedios Castillo Neroza and Fe M. Tangalin, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University - South La Union Campus
Philippines
Abstract:
Teacher Education Centers of Excellence and Centers of Development serve as showcases for Philippine Higher Education. These institutions provide leadership in all aspects of development to other HEIs in terms of Instructional Quality, Research and Publication, Extension and Linkages, and Institutional Qualification. This research paper studied the role of Human Resource Management in the pursuit of excellence in terms of the standards set by the academe and the Commission of Higher Education. Quantitative methods were employed in the analysis of data and in coming out with categorization of the extent of implementation of HRM practices and the level of organizational performance. Revisit of manual of regulations and faculty handbooks, and application of pertinent laws and memorandum orders were used to cross-validate and provide explanations on the interpretations made.
Human Resource Management is characterized by effective management of the skills and talents of employees, and enhancement of their productivity as a contributor to organizational performance.
A Human Resource Development Plan is proposed to attain excellence in higher education institutions.
Keywords: human resource management, organizational performance, center of excellence, center of development
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The Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University; The oldest government school in the Philippines
Authors: Jessie D. Manapsal
Presenter: Jessie D. Manapsal, Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University
Philippines
Abstract:
The people of Pampanga envisioned a university that will help them realize their dreams and the generations to come of quality education. To have a university that will deliver quality education at a subsidize cost. They will prefer this school over other schools in Pampanga and the Metropolitan Manila because of its century old delivery of quality education. The vision came into reality by the establishment of the Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University (present name) in 1861. In spite of the nature’s wrath and other man made unfortunate events the school triumphantly bannered its commitment to deliver quality education at a subsidize cost for the kapampangans. The study focused on the reasons behind the stagnant development of the school since its establishment in 1861 up to the time when the current president made a tremendous development in short span of more or less nine years. The objectives of the study are as follows: 1.What made DHVTSU in 2006 expand tremendously? 2. What kind of governance does it exercise? 3. Is it possible to be at par with the National University? The study will present the above objectives through the available data primarily government documents. The scope of the research concentrates to the records and data available and by comparing and analyzing the contents. Case study is appropriate for this study because researchers have used the case study research method for many years across a variety of disciplines.
Keywords: Colegio de Instruccion Primaria y Latinidad, Bacolor Trade School, Pampanga Trade School, DHVCAT, DHVTSU
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A case study: The Land Administration and Management Project – One Stop Shop Experience in Leyte Philippines
Authors: Maribeth C. Jadina & Benjamina Paula G. Flor
Presenter: Maribeth C. Jadina, University of the Philippines Los Baños
Philippines
Abstract:
The Philippines, with its enormous problems and issues on land administration, acknowledge the need for a clear and efficient system to deliver land-related services. As a way to address this, the Land Administration and Management Project (LAMP) was implemented to support the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) and improve land administration and management policies and clarify lead agencies, application processes and individual land rights. The Project also created the One-Stop Shop (OSS), an online land database which provides a single point of contact for clients and promotes efficiency and transparency so as to avoid corruption. Through the project, landowners regard land ownership through titling or registration as security and something to be proud of. Some indigents, on the other hand, consider land titling as government propaganda. Based on the collated data, this paper conceptualized land ownership through land titling in to two categories: legal and political ownership. This paper further provides an overview of the experiences among landowners in acquiring land titles through the project.
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Tempering Greed: Why Capitalism Needs the Humanities
Authors: Jose Neil M. Hortillo
Presenter: Jose Neil M. Hortillo, University of the Philippines Visayas
Philippines
Abstract:
The capitalist free-market structure that dominates most democratically developed and developing countries in recent years has been criticized for nurturing the greed of the few enterprising individuals and corporates feeding on the materialistic attitude of the 21st century society. This modern society, which breathes through the pervasiveness of the internet, is now composed of individuals fascinated with instant gratification, comfort and convenience, whose needs and wants are addressed by science and technology. This paper highlights how political leaders in recent years have created misguided policies that relied heavily from the exact science of mathematics, which created financial derivative products that forecasted huge imaginary profits, and eventually led to the global recession in 2009. It is argued that the greed and excitement of science and technology, which is grounded on logic and reason should be tempered by empathy, faith and hope that are nurtured by the humanities.
This paper also discusses why humanities is needed in a democratic capitalist society not only to temper its excesses but also to foster individual creativity to find solutions to the problems of human dignity, poverty, inequality, and environmental degradation. Furthermore, the field of Public Administration must promote the study of the humanities among our leaders because it heightens their sensitivity to feel and understand pain, to distinguish what is right from wrong, and to drive them to passionately act decisively for the betterment of society.
Keywords: Humanities, Capitalism, Inequality, Greed, Science and Technology, Creativity
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Integrity-Based and Building Public Trust in Public Sector: A Perspective towards Sustainable Development
Authors: Pairote Pathranarakul
Presenter: Pairote Pathranarakul, National Institute of Development Administration
Thailand
Abstract:
Raising integrity and building public trust in public sector is vital to the achievement in public services. Ethics, integrity, and responsive governance are considered key concepts as well as powerful management tools for sustaining public sector development. The system of governance and integrity-based organizations reflect values and moral principles in enhancing long-term sustainability. The aim of this paper is to review and examine the core concepts and values of integrity-based and building public trust in public sector. Ethical leaders with strong management integrity could foster political will and public trust with sound development strategies leading to sustainable development. The higher standards of integrity among government leaders and officials prevails, the higher quality of public service will be secured for all the stakeholders. Integrity based and building public trust could heighten collaborations among public, private and civil sectors. Current researches reveal that the neglect of managerial integrity capacity leads to managerial immoral and illegal conduct to managerial malpractices which have adverse impacts on the interest of all concerned parties. Experiences in public and private organizations indicate that the adverse impacts to society are alarming. Enhancing integrity capacity is one of the most challenging for all leaders in public sector, both developed and developing countries. In the paper, an integrity-based and moral framework towards a sustainable future are discussed and strategic measures for enhancing integrity are proposed. Ethical principles and organizational norms and culture could effectively prevent individual and organizational integrity violations in public sector, specifically policy corruption, conflict of interest, and abuse of power and manipulation of information for private gains.
Keywords: Ethics, Integrity-Based, Building Public Trust, Sustainable Development
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How to Make Better Use of Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Networth (SALN) for Public Integrity and Anti-Corruption
Authors: Joaquin Gonzalez III & Bienvenido Gonzalez
Presenter: Joaquin Gonzalez III & Bienvenido Gonzalez, Golden Gate University/www.saln.info
USA/Philippines
Abstract:
More than a million Philippine public employees and officials file their “Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Networth” (SALN) yearly. Yet, this “big data,” is not compiled and aggregated at the national level into an ever growing data base which would establish baselines and raise red flags on the filer and for important collegial groupings, i.e., provincial commanders, regional tax directors, municipal judges, etc. It will also determine correlations with post-election SOCEs (Statement of Contributions and Expenses) and possibly ITRs (Income Tax Return). In other words, there is no smart data analytics applied to make SALNs a proactive and active anti-corruption tool as opposed to its current passive role.
Based on available publicized data, we share a sneak preview of the trends and patterns beyond the usual listing of the richest and poorest senators and representatives. We demonstrate the potential of this important “Big Dataset” at improving public integrity. Essentially, we believe our analytical approach—utilizing smart data analysis—could provide the missing “science and logic” behind the Duterte administration’s fuzzy anti-corruption campaign. There will be lots of lessons for EROPA member countries since all of them have the equivalent SALN anti-corruption laws.
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Authors: Arif Budy Pratama
Presenter: Arif Budy Pratama, University of Tidar
Indonesia
Abstract:
The Jakarta Provincial Government utilizes the YouTube channel to interact with citizens and enhance transparency in the practice of governance. How citizens engage with their government via social media is now gaining more attention from both academics and practitioners. The purpose of this study is to explore online perceptions of local government image perceived by online audiences through the YouTube platform. Based on the exploration, I propose a typology model on local government image generated from online perceptions. The concepts of organizational reputation and image (Carpenter, 2010b) and credibility in political image (Mccroskey & Teven, 1999) are adapted to analyze online public perceptions on the Jakarta Provincial Government image.
Using the video summarization approach (Li et al., 2006) on 346 official YouTube videos, which were uploaded from 1 March 2016 to 31 May 2016, and content analysis aided by NVivo 11 of 8237 comments, this study shows that the Jakarta Provincial Government image is combined of both political and bureaucratic images which emerge concurrently. The typology model of local government is proposed to describe and explain the four image variations that occurred in the case study. The study also includes high numbers of irrelevant comment posted by YouTube viewers which indicated ‘pseudo-engagement’ on government-citizen interaction through social media. Practical recommendations are suggested to manage YouTube channel as one of social media communication used in local government context.
Keywords: Local Government Social Media, YouTube, Political Image, Bureaucratic Image
Powerpoint Link
Contingency Management and Social Networking: Innovations for Enhancing Community Resilience
Authors: Kazuyuki Sasaki
Presenter: Kazuyuki Sasaki, Meiji University
Japan
Abstract:
The paper introduces innovative public programs for re-improving social network at community level by Japan’s central and local governments. It will also analyze the impacts of such programs to Japanese society, especially focusing on the issues of contingency management.
Japan is a disaster prone country and has been challenged by many natural and man-made disasters in its history. Recently, in April 2016, Kumamoto prefecture, a part of Kyushu Island which located under the mainland of Japan, was hit by continuous earthquakes. Number of casualty and missing person reached 50 and about 1,700 people were injured. At the initial phase of the disaster, more than 100,000 people evacuated to the shelters.
Beside frequent natural disasters, Japan is facing rapid social and demographic changes. In 2008, Japan reached its peak of population and moved to a stage of depopulation. Rural exodus among young generation and aging population combined with the diminishing number of children are rapidly progressing. Also, anonymity in urban area have been increasing. Conventional regional ties among residence has been weakening and community management policies by governments are outdated.
Community resilience is a key for reducing the negative impacts of contingencies. Japanese central and local governments have been making effort to improve it by introducing various measures.
Powerpoint Link
Mayors’ Attributes and the Type of Political Leadership: Empirical Study on the Local Governance in the Philippines
Authors: Kenichi Nishimura & Jun Kobayashi
Presenter: Kenichi Nishimura, Osaka University
Japan
Abstract:
Since late 1970s we have been observing emergence and evolution of new type of political leadership such as “New Public Management” (hereafter NPM) in local governance around the world (Çetin 2015; Rosyadi & Dharma 2014; Harun et.al. 2013; Pilcher 2011; Tippett & Kluvers 2010; Tanaka 2010; Goddard 2005; Helden & Jansen 2003). Philippine is one of the spearheads of this trend in Asian region with examples of NPM local governance such as participatory governance in Naga City, environmental management in Marikina City, effective tax collection in Quezon City, effective maintenance of peace and order mechanism in Cebu City and Davao City, and others.
These cases show the importance of mayor as a key person for introduction of new management style. Therefore this paper provides an overview on the extent of diffusion of new political leadership in the Philippines through examining the relations between attributes of mayors such as their family background, previous occupation, educational background and their political behavior as well as their orientation of governance utilizing the results of an elite survey “2011 Local Government Survey in the Philippines” (The principal investigator was Fumio Nagai, Osaka City University).
We will analyze if there are significant relations between the attribution of mayors and their view on the competence of the bureaucracy, the relationship with constituents and different political stratum, and their idea on governance. We use analysis of variance (ANOVA) to see the difference of relations.
Powerpoint Link: PPT unavailable
Officials’ Conduct and People’s Trust
Authors: Akio Kamiko
Presenter: Akio Kamiko, Ritsumeikan University
Japan
Abstract:
High ethical standard of government officials is vital for good governance. Without it, people would not trust government officials and, consequently, the government.
There can be many reasons why ethical standard is as it is now in Japan. It seems possible that the trust accorded to government officials and their status in the society may affect the ethical standard of government officials. So I would like to examine the correlation between the ethical standard and people’s trust. However, it is very difficult to measure the degree of trust people have toward government officials.
In this paper, I would look into the statistics of reprimands given to both the central government’s and local governments’ officials in Japan over the span of several decades. First, I would like to have a look at variation in the statistics of reprimands over time looking into the detailed statistics sorted by the categories of misconduct. Then I would like to contemplate on possible explanations on those increases and decreases, referring to the situation Japan and its government were in during that time. Hopefully, some clues as to the relationship between people’s trust and ethical standard come out.
Powerpoint Link
Shielding Public Agencies from Political Influence: Does Structural Insulation Matter?
Authors: Jung Wook Lee & Jin Soo Choi
Presenter: Jung Wook Lee, Yonsei University
Korea
Abstract:
This study tests the moderating effect of ‘structural insulation,’ an agency design strategy for shielding a public agency from external political influences. Since ‘politics-administration dichotomy’ was put forward as a core theory for administrative reform, various schemes have been proposed for safeguarding administrative agencies from political influence, thereby enhancing their neutral competence. Structural insulation—structuring agencies with insulating features such as location outside the cabinet departments, fixed-term for agency head(s) and governance by multi-member board —is one of such ideas. A review of the literature, however, reveals a paucity of systematic evidence of whether and how structural insulation matters. Few studies tested the efficacy of each insulating feature, using data from a representative sample. Yet another problem is that studies on structural insulation are based largely on discussions of how politics affects the policies of public agencies, to the virtual exclusion of discussions of how politics affects their organizational characteristics. Using data collected from 115 U.S. federal agencies, this study attempted to address these voids in the current literature. It examined whether the impact of ‘political salience’ of a public agency—salience to the president and Congress—on its ‘priority goal ambiguity’ is moderated by insulating features, extending Lee et al.’s (2009) study, which reported a positive relationship between the two. Regression results provide partial support for the moderating effect of structural insulation: three out of the four insulating features were found to mitigate the impact of congressional salience on priority ambiguity, while no such effect was detected when it comes to presidential salience. This study discusses the implications of these results and puts forward suggestions for future research.
Powerpoint Link
Problems Encountered and the Quality of the Delivery of National Tuberculosis Program and their Influence to the Satisfaction of the Beneficiaries in General Santos City
Authors: Ryan Garcia Sabales
Presenter: Ryan Garcia Sabales, Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Colleges
Philippines
Abstract:
This study was conducted to find out the problems encountered and the quality of the delivery of National Tuberculosis Program and their influence to the satisfaction of the beneficiaries in General Santos City.
Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions: a) What are the problems encountered by the implementers / health providers on the delivery of National Tuberculosis program in terms of financial, personnel and facilities conditions?; b) What are the problems encountered by the beneficiaries on the delivery of National Tuberculosis program in terms of personnel and facilities conditions?; c) What is the quality of basic health services under National Tuberculosis Program as perceived by the implementers?; d) What is the level of satisfaction of the beneficiaries on the quality of the delivery of the National Tuberculosis program?; e) Is the level of satisfaction of the beneficiaries significantly influenced by the problems encountered on the delivery of the National Tuberculosis program in terms of financial, personnel and facilities conditions?; f) Is the level of satisfaction of the beneficiaries significantly influenced by the quality of basic health services of the national tuberculosis program?
A total of 223 respondents were involved in this study 46 of whom were a population of the implementers / health providers and 177 sample respondents were the beneficiaries of the TB programs that came from the 17 barangays of General Santos City.
The salient findings of this study is that the implementers and health providers moderately agree that the problems they encountered in the delivery of national tuberculosis program in terms of financial condition are the following: a) the release of budget is based on the approved plan; b) the allocation of budget is based on the prioritization of the City Mayor’s office; c) the release of budget is always delayed; d) the budget does not equal to the whole year operation; e) the allocation of budget is based on projects; f) there are irregularities and inconsistencies in drugs procurement; g) there is no constant monitoring and evaluation; h) the General Santos City Health Office has no sufficient funds; i) there is no transparency; j) there are no supports like fiscal and administrative services; k) the annual budget is based on the income generation of the city; l) inconsistencies on the approval of budget; m) no strict compliance; n) nepotism and o) the budget must not exceed to more than 10% of the previous year budget.
In terms of personnel condition, the implementers and health providers moderately agree that they encountered the following problems: a) lack of Medical Doctors; b) lack of attending Medical Technologists; c) lack of permanent staffs at the center; d) lack of attending Nurses; e) lack of barangay health workers; f) resistance to change; g) multi-functional; h) lack of competent or trained personnel; i) giving medicines are limited; j) health providers are outdated; k) gossiping and chatting; l) lack of coordination; m) hot-tempered.
In terms of facilities condition, the implementers and health providers encountered the following problems: a) not enough Microscope; and b) not enough Medical Technologists / Microscopist designate. The beneficiaries on the other hand, moderately agree that they encountered the following problems in the delivery of the national tuberculosis programs in terms of the personnel condition: a) resistant to change; b) lack of barangay health workers; c) lack of Medical Technologists; d) lack of attending Nurses; e) lack of competent or trained personnel; f) lack of permanent staff; g) gossiping and chatting are highly observed; and h) lack of Medical Doctors.
In terms of facilities condition, the beneficiaries encountered the following problems on the quality and delivery of national tuberculosis program: a) not enough Medical Technologists / Microscopist designate; and b) not enough Microscope. The implementers and health providers of the national tuberculosis program in General Santos City have perceived that there is a good quality of the delivery of basic health services, and the beneficiaries are satisfied on the quality of the delivery of basic health services. The level of satisfaction of the beneficiaries is not significantly influenced by the problems encountered on financial, personnel, and facilities conditions, and the level of satisfaction of the beneficiaries has no significant relationship on the quality of the delivery of the health services under the national tuberculosis program.
Based on the findings of this study, the following conclusions are drawn: a) the financial condition of the city health office is not sufficient to employ more health professionals, b) the problems encountered by the beneficiaries in terms of the personnel and facilities conditions of the city health are considered as minor problems by the TB implementers, c) there is a timely, responsive, and efficient manner in the quality of the delivery of basic health services program under the national tuberculosis program being delivered by the TB implementers / health providers to the beneficiaries in General Santos City, d) the beneficiaries of national tuberculosis program in General Santos City received good services of the basic health services delivered by the TB implementers and health providers, e) the problems encountered by the beneficiaries in the delivery of national tuberculosis program in terms of financial, personnel and facilities conditions have no significant relationship on the level of satisfaction of the beneficiaries, and f) the level of satisfaction of the beneficiaries are not significantly influence by the quality of the delivery of the national tuberculosis program in General Santos City.
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Upholding Integrity in Employee Discipline as a Tool for Accountability through Administrative Justice
Authors: Michael Bucag Roa
Presenter: Michael Bucag Roa, Civil Service Commission Regional Office No. 10
Philippines
Abstract:
This study is grounded on upholding integrity in employee discipline as a tool for accountability through administrative justice (AJ). It determined the relationship between the socio-demographic characteristics, the work-related factors and the level of competence in terms of knowledge, skills and attitude as components of competence of the respondent Human Resources Management Officer’s on disciplinary aspect of AJ, the practices of the local government units on administrative justice and the level of perception of the HRMO’s on empowerment on their role in AJ in Local Government Units. The result revealed that the higher the competence level of the respondent HRMO’s have, the higher their adherence with the ideal principles to be practiced in terms of disciplinary aspect on administrative justice. Result further showed that humanitarian and political interference may have an influence in administrative justice. Thus, it is recommended that on the issue on political influence or interference, the LGU must have a pool of trained investigation committee members created prior to the receipt of complaint to avoid the impression that the committee that may be created is tailored to favor any party in the administrative proceedings. Issues on Impartiality and potential violation of due process may be visited.
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Decentralization, Decmocratization and Development: A Rapid Field Appraisal
Authors: April Dream Gadong Rico
Presenter: April Dream Gadong Rico, West Visayas State University
Philippines
Abstract:
With the upcoming celebration of the 25th year anniversary of the Local Government Code regional field appraisals were conducted. The focus of the field appraisal is to determine the trends and patterns of local developments, the state of democratization and decentralizationand the capacity of HEIs in delivering public services in the local governments of the respective regions.
In Western Visayas – Region 6, the common trends in local governance are the shift of localgovernments to e- governance in delivering the services to the constituents, the Public – Private Partnership, upgrading of health care service delivery and the strengthening of the local Disaster Risk Reduction Councils.
In region six (6), local governments are gradually embracing the advantages of technology. Governmentwebsites and portals provides clients with information about the government services, activitiesand even procurement and expenditures. E- governance becomes a tool of government inpracticing transparency, effective and efficient delivery of government services.
The state of democratization in Western Visayas shows that there are still cases of violations on human rights. Violence on women and children have high rates in the region. As far as legislation is concerned, the local governments are trying to address through enacting ordinances and formulating programs that would increase the awareness of the people towards the violation of human rights. Non- government organizations are partnering with the local governments in promoting the advocacy against violence on women and children.
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Human Resources Management Affecting Organizational Performance of Teacher Education COEs and CODs in Region I: Basis for HRD Plan
Authors: Remedios Castillo Neroza & Fe M. Tangalin
Presenter: Remedios Castillo Neroza and Fe M. Tangalin, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University - South La Union Campus
Philippines
Abstract:
Teacher Education Centers of Excellence and Centers of Development serve as showcases for Philippine Higher Education. These institutions provide leadership in all aspects of development to other HEIs in terms of Instructional Quality, Research and Publication, Extension and Linkages, and Institutional Qualification. This research paper studied the role of Human Resource Management in the pursuit of excellence in terms of the standards set by the academe and the Commission of Higher Education. Quantitative methods were employed in the analysis of data and in coming out with categorization of the extent of implementation of HRM practices and the level of organizational performance. Revisit of manual of regulations and faculty handbooks, and application of pertinent laws and memorandum orders were used to cross-validate and provide explanations on the interpretations made.
Human Resource Management is characterized by effective management of the skills and talents of employees, and enhancement of their productivity as a contributor to organizational performance.
A Human Resource Development Plan is proposed to attain excellence in higher education institutions.
Keywords: human resource management, organizational performance, center of excellence, center of development
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The Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University; The oldest government school in the Philippines
Authors: Jessie D. Manapsal
Presenter: Jessie D. Manapsal, Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University
Philippines
Abstract:
The people of Pampanga envisioned a university that will help them realize their dreams and the generations to come of quality education. To have a university that will deliver quality education at a subsidize cost. They will prefer this school over other schools in Pampanga and the Metropolitan Manila because of its century old delivery of quality education. The vision came into reality by the establishment of the Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University (present name) in 1861. In spite of the nature’s wrath and other man made unfortunate events the school triumphantly bannered its commitment to deliver quality education at a subsidize cost for the kapampangans. The study focused on the reasons behind the stagnant development of the school since its establishment in 1861 up to the time when the current president made a tremendous development in short span of more or less nine years. The objectives of the study are as follows: 1.What made DHVTSU in 2006 expand tremendously? 2. What kind of governance does it exercise? 3. Is it possible to be at par with the National University? The study will present the above objectives through the available data primarily government documents. The scope of the research concentrates to the records and data available and by comparing and analyzing the contents. Case study is appropriate for this study because researchers have used the case study research method for many years across a variety of disciplines.
Keywords: Colegio de Instruccion Primaria y Latinidad, Bacolor Trade School, Pampanga Trade School, DHVCAT, DHVTSU
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A case study: The Land Administration and Management Project – One Stop Shop Experience in Leyte Philippines
Authors: Maribeth C. Jadina & Benjamina Paula G. Flor
Presenter: Maribeth C. Jadina, University of the Philippines Los Baños
Philippines
Abstract:
The Philippines, with its enormous problems and issues on land administration, acknowledge the need for a clear and efficient system to deliver land-related services. As a way to address this, the Land Administration and Management Project (LAMP) was implemented to support the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) and improve land administration and management policies and clarify lead agencies, application processes and individual land rights. The Project also created the One-Stop Shop (OSS), an online land database which provides a single point of contact for clients and promotes efficiency and transparency so as to avoid corruption. Through the project, landowners regard land ownership through titling or registration as security and something to be proud of. Some indigents, on the other hand, consider land titling as government propaganda. Based on the collated data, this paper conceptualized land ownership through land titling in to two categories: legal and political ownership. This paper further provides an overview of the experiences among landowners in acquiring land titles through the project.
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Tempering Greed: Why Capitalism Needs the Humanities
Authors: Jose Neil M. Hortillo
Presenter: Jose Neil M. Hortillo, University of the Philippines Visayas
Philippines
Abstract:
The capitalist free-market structure that dominates most democratically developed and developing countries in recent years has been criticized for nurturing the greed of the few enterprising individuals and corporates feeding on the materialistic attitude of the 21st century society. This modern society, which breathes through the pervasiveness of the internet, is now composed of individuals fascinated with instant gratification, comfort and convenience, whose needs and wants are addressed by science and technology. This paper highlights how political leaders in recent years have created misguided policies that relied heavily from the exact science of mathematics, which created financial derivative products that forecasted huge imaginary profits, and eventually led to the global recession in 2009. It is argued that the greed and excitement of science and technology, which is grounded on logic and reason should be tempered by empathy, faith and hope that are nurtured by the humanities.
This paper also discusses why humanities is needed in a democratic capitalist society not only to temper its excesses but also to foster individual creativity to find solutions to the problems of human dignity, poverty, inequality, and environmental degradation. Furthermore, the field of Public Administration must promote the study of the humanities among our leaders because it heightens their sensitivity to feel and understand pain, to distinguish what is right from wrong, and to drive them to passionately act decisively for the betterment of society.
Keywords: Humanities, Capitalism, Inequality, Greed, Science and Technology, Creativity
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Integrity-Based and Building Public Trust in Public Sector: A Perspective towards Sustainable Development
Authors: Pairote Pathranarakul
Presenter: Pairote Pathranarakul, National Institute of Development Administration
Thailand
Abstract:
Raising integrity and building public trust in public sector is vital to the achievement in public services. Ethics, integrity, and responsive governance are considered key concepts as well as powerful management tools for sustaining public sector development. The system of governance and integrity-based organizations reflect values and moral principles in enhancing long-term sustainability. The aim of this paper is to review and examine the core concepts and values of integrity-based and building public trust in public sector. Ethical leaders with strong management integrity could foster political will and public trust with sound development strategies leading to sustainable development. The higher standards of integrity among government leaders and officials prevails, the higher quality of public service will be secured for all the stakeholders. Integrity based and building public trust could heighten collaborations among public, private and civil sectors. Current researches reveal that the neglect of managerial integrity capacity leads to managerial immoral and illegal conduct to managerial malpractices which have adverse impacts on the interest of all concerned parties. Experiences in public and private organizations indicate that the adverse impacts to society are alarming. Enhancing integrity capacity is one of the most challenging for all leaders in public sector, both developed and developing countries. In the paper, an integrity-based and moral framework towards a sustainable future are discussed and strategic measures for enhancing integrity are proposed. Ethical principles and organizational norms and culture could effectively prevent individual and organizational integrity violations in public sector, specifically policy corruption, conflict of interest, and abuse of power and manipulation of information for private gains.
Keywords: Ethics, Integrity-Based, Building Public Trust, Sustainable Development
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How to Make Better Use of Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Networth (SALN) for Public Integrity and Anti-Corruption
Authors: Joaquin Gonzalez III & Bienvenido Gonzalez
Presenter: Joaquin Gonzalez III & Bienvenido Gonzalez, Golden Gate University/www.saln.info
USA/Philippines
Abstract:
More than a million Philippine public employees and officials file their “Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Networth” (SALN) yearly. Yet, this “big data,” is not compiled and aggregated at the national level into an ever growing data base which would establish baselines and raise red flags on the filer and for important collegial groupings, i.e., provincial commanders, regional tax directors, municipal judges, etc. It will also determine correlations with post-election SOCEs (Statement of Contributions and Expenses) and possibly ITRs (Income Tax Return). In other words, there is no smart data analytics applied to make SALNs a proactive and active anti-corruption tool as opposed to its current passive role.
Based on available publicized data, we share a sneak preview of the trends and patterns beyond the usual listing of the richest and poorest senators and representatives. We demonstrate the potential of this important “Big Dataset” at improving public integrity. Essentially, we believe our analytical approach—utilizing smart data analysis—could provide the missing “science and logic” behind the Duterte administration’s fuzzy anti-corruption campaign. There will be lots of lessons for EROPA member countries since all of them have the equivalent SALN anti-corruption laws.
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